We develop table-top systems capable of measuring X-ray spectra with high time-resolution. Our X-ray plasma source based on a water jet that produces X-rays from the XUV to beyond 80 keV. We have developed in collaboration a novel detection technology that is capable to analyse spectra from X-ray absorption and X-ray emission with extreme efficiency in the range from >400eV to 10 keV with an energy resolution, which is sufficient for many applications. Our secret is the use of direct detection, energy dispersive schemes using CCD's and Microcalorimeter. A particular focus of these setup is the spectroscopy in the "tender" X-ray range from 1keV to 5keV including the science of sulfur and phosphor based polymers.